The Effect Of The North American P-51 Mustang On The Air War In WWII E

The Effect of the North American P-51 Mustang On the Air War in WWII Abstract This paper deals with the contributions of the P-51 Mustang to the eventual victory of the Allies in Europe during World War II. It describes the war scene in Europe before the P-51 was introduced, traces the development of the fighter, its advantages, and the abilities it was able to contribute to the Allies' arsenal. It concludes with the effect that the P-51 had on German air superiority, and how it led the destruction of the Luftwaffe. The thesis is that: it was not until the advent of the North American P-51 Mustang fighter, and all of the improvements, benefits, and side effects that it brought with it, that the Allies were able to achieve air superiority over the Germans. This paper was inspired largely by my grandfather, who flew the P-51 out of Leiston, England, during WW II and contributed to the eventual Allied success that is traced in this paper. He flew over seventy missions between February and August 1944, and scored three kills against German fighters. Table of Contents Introduction Reasons for the Pre-P-51 Air Situation The Pre-P-51 Situation The Allied Purpose in the Air War The Battle at Schweinfurt The Development of the P-51 The Installation of the Merlin Engines Features, Advantages, and Benefits of the P-51 The P-51's Battle Performance The Change in Policy on Escort Fighter Function P-51's Disrupt Luftwaffe Fighter Tactics P-51's Give Bombers Better Support Conclusion Works Cited Introduction On September 1, 1939, the German military forces invaded Poland to begin World War II. This invasion was very successful because of its use of a new military strategic theory -- blitzkrieg. Blitzkrieg, literally "lightning war," involved the fast and deadly coordination of two distinct forces, the Wermacht and the Luftwaffe. The Wermacht advanced on the ground, while the Luftwaffe destroyed the enemy air force, attacked enemy ground forces, and disrupted enemy communication and transportation systems. This setup was responsible for the successful invasions of Poland, Norway, Western Europe, the Balkans and the initial success of the Russian invasion. For many years after the first of September, the air war in Europe was dominated by the Luftwaffe. No other nation involved in the war had the experience, technology, or numbers to challenge the Luftwaffe's superiority. It was not until the United States joined the war effort that any great harm was done to Germany and even then, German air superiority remained unscathed. It was not until the advent of the North American P-51 Mustang fighter, and all of the improvements, benefits, and side effects that it brought with it, that the Allies were able to achieve air superiority over the Germans. Reasons for the Pre-P-51 Air Situation The continued domination of the European skies by the Luftwaffe was caused by two factors, the first of which was the difference in military theory between the Luftwaffe and the Royal Air Force. The theories concerning the purpose and function of the Luftwaffe and RAF were exactly opposite and were a result of their experiences in World War I. During WW I, Germany attempted a strategic bombing effort directed against England using Gothas (biplane bombers) and Zeppelins (slow-moving hot-air balloons) which did not give much of a result. This, plus the fact that German military theory at the beginning of WW II was based much more on fast quick results (Blitzkrieg), meant that Germany decided not to develop a strategic air force. The Luftwaffe had experienced great success when they used tactical ground-attack aircraft in Spain (i.e. at Guernica), and so they figured that their air force should mainly consist of this kind of planes. So Germany made the Luftwaffe a ground support force that was essentially an extension of the army and functioned as a long- range, aerial artillery. The RAF, on the other hand, had experimented with ground-attack fighters during WW I, and had suffered grievous casualty rates. This, combined with the fact that the British had been deeply enraged and offended by the German Gotha and Zeppelin attacks on their home soil, made them determined to develop a strategic air force that would be capable of bombing German soil in

How to Use Upenn Personal Essay Samples

How to Use Upenn Personal Essay SamplesOne of the most popular papers for high school students is a personal essay. It is usually for a competitive essay contest. When your school has a competition, they can make it very competitive by creating personal essay samples for the winners. However, if you do not have a competitive essay contest, then you can still use them as a writing sample for your own thesis or a college essay.Upenn personal essay samples are actually the same as that from other schools. You will need to write a 500 word essay on a specific topic and it will be based on the same kind of themes. They usually have topics like life story, career choice, memoir, science fiction and many others.You can find open essay samples from the local library. Most of the time, they have many of these books in their reading section. However, if you cannot find one, then you can usually just search for them online and find the right one for you.The best way to find upenn essay samples is either through the library or through the internet. There are a lot of different ones to choose from. You can also look in local bookstores, college libraries, or specialty stores in your area.You may have to spend a little bit of time in looking for upenn personal essay samples because there are a lot of different types available. If you want to be able to read a sample at a computer, then you may have to find a manual that comes with a program or perhaps a program that comes with a manual. If you are using an online program, then you should be able to download a full version of the program from the website.When you first look at the sample, you should have it in either a word processor or some kind of format that you are familiar with. Generally, you will be using it at home. If you are not familiar with it, then you will need to download it or purchase it so that you can copy the text into that format. You can then take the words that you copied and you can fill in the blanks with the blank spaces that were left out.In fact, you may have to find a couple of different programs so that you can get some different upenn personal essay samples. Once you have the samples that you need, then you can see what works and what does not work for you. One thing that you will have to do when you are writing is to think about what the key ideas of the essay are. If you do not know where to start, then you should know that you will have to write a paper within a certain time frame.However, if you know what the key points are that you are going to be writing about, then you can use the upenn personal essay samples as the basis for your writing. One of the most important things that you should know is that when you are writing an essay for your college, the material that you are going to use is going to be the same. Although, you are going to write on different topics, you are still going to write about the same themes, life stories, career choices, etc.